Emergency e-Book

Basic life support is the maintenance of an airway and the
support of breathing and the circulation without using
equipment other than a simple airway device or protective
shield. A combination of expired air ventilation (rescue
breathing) and chest compression is known as
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which forms the basis of
modern basic life support. The term “cardiac arrest” implies a
sudden interruption of cardiac output, which may be reversible
with appropriate treatment. It does not include the cessation of
heart activity as a terminal event in serious illness; in these
circumstances the techniques of basic life support are usually
inappropriate.
Survival after cardiac arrest is most likely to be the outcome
in the following circumstances: when the event is witnessed;
when a bystander summons help from the emergency services
and starts resuscitation; when the heart arrests in ventricular
fibrillation; and when defibrillation and advanced life support
are instituted at an early stage. Basic life support is one link in
this chain of survival. It entails assessment followed by action—
the ABC: A is for assessment and airway, B is for breathing, and
C is for circulation.

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